Con lo scioglimento dei ghiacciai l’Artico potrebbe diventare la “mensa” degli animali

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iceberg-artico

“Pieno di vita” non può essere la descrizione che scaturisce alla mente quando si pensa al Mare Glaciale Artico, ma potrebbe presto cambiarlo se il peso del riscaldamento globale fosse rimosso delle regioni ghiacciate.

Uno studio di ciò che l’Artico sembrava fino a poco prima che i dinosauri fossero cancellati dal pianeta ha fornito un assaggio di ciò che potrebbe essere quello di che potrebbe ridiventare tra qualche decennio. Alan Kemp del Centro nazionale di Oceanografia e i suoi colleghi di Southampton hanno utilizzato potenti microscopi per ispezionare i carotaggi di fango estratti dal fondo del Mare Glaciale Artico. Hanno trovato strati successivi di piccole alghe chiamate diatomee. Il modello dei livelli e la distribuzione delle diatomee fornisce una prova evidente che l’Artico è stato privo di ghiaccio durante l’estate e, al contrario di recenti studi, spesso oggetto di glaciazioni durante l’inverno.

Gli inverni gelidi e le estati senza ghiaccio sono per i glaciologi proprio ciò che potrebbe accadere all’Artico entro pochi decenni. Negli ultimi anni, il vento e le temperature calde hanno gradualmente assottigliato i ghiacci marini artici, il che rende meno probabile la loro sopravvivenza durante l’estate. Alcuni ritengono che l’Artico potrebbe essere privo di ghiaccio durante l’estate già nel 2030.

I ricercatori dicono che il numero di diatomee bloccate nel fango suggerisce che quando i dinosauri calpestavano la Terra, il Mar Glaciale Artico era biologicamente molto ricco durante il periodo estivo, alla pari delle regioni più produttive degli Oceani del Sud oggi. Le diatomee sono al fondo della catena alimentare, dunque le acque ricche di diatomee possono sostenere un sacco di grandi forme di vita.

Sulla base dei nostri risultati, possiamo dire che è probabile che in futuro un Mare Glaciale Artico privo di ghiaccio marino d’estate sarà anche molto produttivo

afferma Kemp. La fauna artica oggi è limitata dalle condizioni difficili della regione. L’oceano è la patria di poche specie di pesci, come il merluzzo artico, il quale, a sua volta, sostiene le foche, balene e gli orsi polari.

Mentre la presenza delle diatomee durante l’estate non significa che gli animali più grandi appaiano spontaneamente nell’Artico nel corso dei prossimi decenni, potrebbe darsi che le specie che attualmente vivono più a Sud abbiano un incentivo a spostarsi nella regione, più ricca di cibo. Lo scenario più probabile è quello che vede le specie più grandi migrare verso l’Artico in estate per alimentarsi, per poi tornare verso Sud durante l’inverno buio. Una migrazione di massa che, secondo Kemp, riguarderebbe migliaia di organismi di tutti i livelli della catena alimentare.

Fonte: [newscientist]

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