Rifiuti, in Francia colonne aspiranti al posto dei cassonetti: il trionfo della differenziata

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Come limitare i rifiuti che finiscono in discarica? Come trasformare i rifiuti da problema in risorsa? A queste domande la Francia ha trovato risposte concrete, investendo del denaro nella ricerca e nell’innovazione al servizio del cittadino: la raccolta dei rifiuti ad aspirazione pneumatica. I cassonetti sono andati in pensione, sostituiti da colonne grigie aspiranti collocate nei bordi delle strade due a due, una per la raccolta dell’umido e l’altra per la raccolta differenziata dei materiali riciclabili.

I rifiuti vengono gettati in queste colonne, inodori e igieniche, e vi rimangono per circa 12 ore stoccati prima di essere aspirati alla velocità di circa 70 km/h in collettori e separati per tipologia. I rifiuti vengono così differenziati, compattati e spediti in centri per la raccolta differenziata dove subiranno ulteriori processi prima di essere riciclati. Si tratta per ora di un progetto pilota partito in quattro quartieri a Romainville, cittadina di 23.000 abitanti alla periferia di Parigi, ma ben presto altri comuni aderiranno all’esperimento. Questo tipo di raccolta differenziata dei rifiuti è in uso da diversi anni anche in altri Paesi dell’Unione europea, nella città di Stoccolma la pratica è operativa dal 1971, mentre a Barcellona dal 1982. In Francia la raccolta ad aspirazione pneumatica  è stata sviluppata da Veolia Environnement assieme al gruppo Envac. Il costo per la riconversione della raccolta dei rifiuti è stato di 10,8 milioni di euro: 2,8 dei quali a carico della cittadina di Romainville, ma una parte della spesa è sostenuta dagli incentivi dell’Agenzia francese per l’ambiente e l’energia ADEME (Agence De l’Environnemente ed De la Matrise de l’Energie).

Il gruppo svedese Envac ha ideato per la prima volta il sistema di raccolta pneumatica dei rifiuti nel 1961 durante una riunione nell’ospedale di Solleftea a cui prendevano parte l’ingegner Torsten Karefelt, l’ingegnere capo Sten Olsson, il responsabile tecnico della struttura ospedaliera Olle Genberg e il consulente per gli impianti idraulici e di riscaldamento Olof H. Hallstrom proprietario e direttore di Centralsug AB, il futuro gruppo Envac. Da allora il successo e ad oggi dall’installazione del primo impianto al mondo di aspirazione dei rifiuti nell’ospedale di Solleftea, Envac è azienda leader nel settore della raccolta pneumatica deu rifiuti. I vantaggi per l’ambiente sono notevoli e le città più sostenibili: spostando in condotte sotterranee il trasporto dei rifiuti si evita il trasporto su mezzi pesanti della spazzatura, si migliorano la qualità dell’ambiente urbano, la vivibilità dell’area e le condizioni di lavoro.

[Fonti: Ansa; Envac]

[Foto: Envac]

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