La prima dimostrazione di un metodo con fonti rinnovabili per la produzione di idrogeno da acque di scarico mediante un sistema di elettrolisi microbica è in corso presso la Napa Wine Company a Oakville. Il generatore di idrogeno delle dimensioni di un frigorifero riceverà le acque reflue, e utilizzando batteri e una piccola quantità di energia elettrica, per trasformare il materiale organico in idrogeno.
Questa è una dimostrazione che possiamo continuano a generare l’idrogeno rinnovabile studiando i fattori che influenzano le prestazioni di ingegneria del sistema. L’idrogeno prodotto sarà ventilato ad eccezione di una piccola somma che verrà utilizzata in una cella a combustibile a idrogeno
ha spiegato Bruce E. Logan, docente di ingegneria ambientale alla Penn State University. La Napa Wine Company desidera utilizzare l’idrogeno per dare energia ai veicoli.
Le acque reflue della Napa Wine Company provengono dalla pulizia delle attrezzature, dallo smaltimento dell’uva, dalla produzione del vino e da altri processi. L’azienda ha già trattato le acque reflue del sito e riciclato parzialmente l’acqua con il sistema dell’elettrolisi microbica per l’irrigazione. Spiega Logan che
Abbiamo scelto una cantina, perché è una naturale attrazione turistica. La gente va lì spesso per sperimentare la vinificazione e il vino; ora può anche assistere ad una dimostrazione di come produrre il gas idrogeno pulito dai rifiuti agricoli.
La dimostrazione dell’impianto di elettrolisi microbica è un sistema a flusso continuo che elaborerà circa 1.000 litri di reflui al giorno. Le cellule di elettrolisi microbica sono composte da due elettrodi immersi in un liquido. Logan utilizza coppie di elettrodi composte da un anodo e un catodo di carbonio in acciaio inox nel suo sistema, piuttosto che un elettrodo rivestito con un metallo prezioso come il platino o oro. La sostituzione dei metalli preziosi serve per ridurre i costi. L’acqua di scarico entra nella cella in cui naturalmente i batteri trasformano il materiale organico in corrente elettrica. Se la tensione prodotta dai batteri è leggermente aumentata, l’idrogeno viene prodotto per via elettrochimica sul catodo in acciaio inox.
L’impianto dimostrativo è costituito da 24 moduli. Ogni modulo è composto da sei coppie di elettrodi.
La composizione delle acque reflue cambierà tutto l’anno. Ora è probabile che sia piuttosto zuccherino, ma in seguito potrebbe spostarsi più verso i resti del processo di fermentazione.
Fonte: [Sciencedaily]
Molto interessante.
Su grande scale, però forse occorrerebbe sinergizzare l’effetto con pannelli fotovoltaici, per riscaldare di qualche grado i bioreattori innalzando, così, il rendimento della resa in idrogeno.
Un saluto caro.
Ing. Luigi Fanizzi
www. ecoacque.it
info@ecoacque.it
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