Guerrilla Gardening

Guerrilla Gardening

Per Guerrilla Gardening GG si intende un movimento spontaneo basato su una forma di giardinaggio politico volto alla coltivazione non autorizzata della terra (generalmente suolo pubblico). Trattasi di fare giardinaggio o agricoltura sulla terra di qualcun altro senza permesso per rivendicare il diritto che tutti hanno alla terra coltivabile ed al verde in città. Il GG rivendica tale diritto collettivo trasformando porzioni di terra degradate o inutilizzate in aree verdi o coltivate.

Il primo episodio di GG moderno universalmente riconosciuto risale al 1649 quando un gruppo di contadini inglesi autoproclamatisi The diggers (gli zappatori) guidati dal pastore protestante Gerald Winstanley occupò e rese coltivabili alcune terre demaniali nel Surrey.

Il termine Guerrilla Gardening venne usato per la prima volta nel 1973 da parte di Liz Christy e del suo gruppo Green Guerrilla (da cui il nome del movimento), nella area di Bowery Houston a New York. Questo gruppo trasformò un lotto privato abbandonato in un giardino. Dopo questo primo episodio i guerriglieri stipularono un accordo col comune di NY e realizzarono molti community gardens nel quartiere di Loisaida. Molti di questi sono tutt’oggi ben tenuti, curati e frequentati.

Nel novero degli antesignani del movimento si deve ricordare il leggendario John Chapman detto anche Jhonny Apleseed che, ai primi dell’Ottocento, seminò sui terreni degli indiani semi di mela per ricavarne poi sidro da scambiare col baratto ai coloni, attività che gli valse l’autonomia economica che gli serviva a predicare.

Per lo più trattasi di azioni, di piccoli o grandi gruppi, non violente, svolte clandestinamente in notturna oppure organizzate con il benestare e la partecipazione dei comuni (festival Giardiningiro di Torino) ma in alcuni casi il termine designa una vera e propria guerriglia avente per finalità la sopravvivenza alimentare. E’ questo il caso dell’Esercito Nazionale di Liberazione Zapatista (ENLZ) che da anni lotta nel Chapas contro il governo messicano per la riappriopriazione dei terreni coltivabili da parte dei contadini.

Anche i Sem terra, contadini brasiliani senza terra, si battono da anni, con le armi e con il sangue contro i latifondisti e le multinazionali che li hanno espropriati dei loro terreni.

Uno dei più famosi esempi di GG ebbe luogo nel maggio 1966, quando circa 500 attivisti affiliati a The Land is Ours e capitanati dal giornalista George Monbiot occuparono circa 13 acri di terreno abbandonato, appartenente alla Guinness, sulle rive del Tamigi nella parte sud di Londra. La loro azione voleva sottolineare quello che loro descrissero come

Il terrificante spreco della terra urbana, la mancanza di case popolari, e il deterioramento dell’ambiente urbano.

Su questa terra crebbe una comunità chiamata Pure genius! (nome ispirato dalla campagna pubblicitaria della Guinness) che occupò e coltivò abusivamente il sito per 5 mesi.

Altro episodio storico di GG fu la coltivazione estemporanea dell’Have på en nat (It. Giardino in una notte)  che fu costruito in una notte dal danese Økologiske Igangsættere. Un terreno abbandonato, nel cuore della città di Copenaghen, fu trasformato da un migliaio di gardeners in giardino pubblico in una singola notte.

Il primo maggio 2000 Reclaim the Streets organizzò una manifestazione di massa di Guerrilla Gardening presso la piazza del Parlamento a Londra. Dopo una parata di musici e ciclisti, qualche migliaio di “giardinieri” occuparono la piazza piantando fiori e ortaggi ed ostentando striscioni recanti scritte quali “La resistenza è fertile”, o “Lasciate che Londra germogli”.

Molte sono le istanze comuni a writing e Green Guerrilla, molto simili i modus operandi e talvolta anche gli esiti, come nel caso dei moss graffiti, graffiti realizzati con muschio, che rappresentano il punto di tangenza dei due movimenti urbani. Molti gruppi di GG sono attivi in Italia e nel mondo tra questi: i Badili Badola e le Ort-ike a Torino, Gruppo di Salvaguardia Casalucese (Casaluce), i Quattro Cantoni (Roma), il Land Grab ed i GuerrillaGardeninglt (Milano), Calgary Guerrilla Gardeners (Canada), L.A Guerrilla Gerdening (USA), I France Dynamique (Paris), i Glasgow Guerrilla Gardening nell’omonima città inglese.

Per approfondire:

[Fonte: Michele Tarsi e Andrea Zabiello, Guerrilla Gardening, Kowalsky, 2009]

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