Giornata mondiale degli oceani, l’8 giugno si combattono i nemici degli ecosistemi marini

di

Guardando indietro agli ultimi dodici mesi dell’anno, non si può dire che sia stato un bel periodo per gli oceani

ha esordito Julia Marton-Lefevre, direttore generale dell’Unione mondiale per la conservazione della natura,

ma proprio per questo la Giornata mondiale degli oceani che si festeggia l’8 giugno, sarà un’ulteriore occasione per salvaguardare gli oceani e gli ecosistemi marini.

Il disastro del Golfo del Messico e le fuoriuscite di acqua contaminata dalla centrale nucleare di Fukushima dopo lo tsumani in Giappone, non hanno di certo migliorato la qualità della vita di animali e vegetali che abitano negli abissi, ne tantomeno delle comunità che vivono lungo le coste. Eppure queste due non sono le uniche minacce per la vita e la salute dei nostri oceani, dopo l’acidificazione degli oceani che sta crescendo oltre 100 volte più veloce rispetto al ritmo della natura, e l‘aumento delle temperature che accelera i processi di scioglimento dei ghiacci, determinando l’innalzamento dei livelli delle acque e lo sbiancamento dei coralli, gli altri nemici degli ecosistemi marini sono:

  • Inquinamento. Oltre l’80% dell’inquinamento marino deriva dalle attività terrestri: scarichi industriali, pesticidi, fogne cittadine, ma anche buste di plastica e rifiuti.
  • pesca eccessiva. Secondo i dati raccolti dal Wwf la pesca intensiva non solo mette a rischio la vita dei pesci che formano la nostra alimentazione, ma anche di altri pesci che sono catturati accidentalmente, insieme a delfini, tartarughe marine, coralli e squali. Il rapporto Fish Dependence Day presentato dalla New Economics Foundation (NEF) e il dossier Ocean2012, dimostrano che il 30 aprile sono esaurite le quote di pesce italiano, da quella data il pescato che finisce sulle notre tavole proviene da altri mari. Per gli altri Paesi dell’Unione il Giorno della dipendenza da mari extra-europei è il 2 luglio.
  • turismo e sviluppo costiero. Ogni anno più di 100 milioni di turisti invadono le nostre spiagge, le aree costiere e le barriere coralline. A questo si aggiunge un intenso sviluppo costiero, con il 60% della popolazione mondiale che abita a meno di 60 km dalla costa.
  • trivelle e impianti off-shore. Le trivellazioni e le ricerche di idrocarburi nei fondali marini non sono le sole cause di inquinamento delle acque, anche le piattaforme petrolifere e di gas e le turbine eoliche sono una minaccia per gli oceani.
  • trasporti commerciali. Calcolando che il 90% degli scambi commerciali si svolge via mare e che ogni giorno si trovano negli oceani circa 50mila navi mercantili, immaginate quante siano le probabilità di fuoriuscite di carburante o di sostanze chimiche delle vernici degli scafi, oppure la contaminazione di nuove specie contenute nelle acque di zavorra.

Pesce pagliaccio a rischio estinzione per l’acidificazione degli oceani

Riscaldamento globale, anche i ricci di mare tra le vittime dell’acidificazione degli oceani

Turbine eoliche: allo studio quelle silenziose

[Fonte: Ansa]

 

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67 commenti su “Giornata mondiale degli oceani, l’8 giugno si combattono i nemici degli ecosistemi marini”

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