Foreste: difficile mantenere intatte quelle grandi? Meglio farne milioni ma piccole

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Le grandi foreste pluviali sono da anni al centro di lotte tra attivisti ed industriali senza scrupoli in quanto grandi risorse per entrambi. Dal punto di vista ambientalista, esse sono uno scrigno pieno di diversità biologica e funzionalità ecologica. Purtroppo sono spesso talmente vaste che è difficile controllare ogni area, e per questo le industrie e le organizzazioni criminali riescono a distruggerne sempre un pezzo. Per questo una nuova ricerca svolta in Kenya da studiosi tedeschi ha individuato un nuovo metodo per aggirare il problema.

Lo studio è durato nove anni ed è stato sostenuto dal ministero federale tedesco dell’Istruzione e della Ricerca. Un team di autori guidati dal Dr. Matthias Schleuning (Centro di ricerca sulla Biodiversità e Clima Bik-F) ha scritto che se le foreste pluviali fossero divise in frammenti di foresta, sarebbero ugualmente in grado di mantenere la loro funzionalità ecologica. In breve Schleuning spiega che le stesse proprietà presenti in una grande foresta pluviale potrebbero essere disponibili anche se tante piccole foreste fossero piantate. In questo modo sarebbe molto più facile controllarle.

Quello che non ci aspettavamo è stato il fatto che l’intensità delle funzioni dell’ecosistema, quali la dispersione della decomposizione, l’impollinazione o l’inseminazione rimangono stabili o in alcuni casi anche maggiori nelle foreste frammentate, in cui si verifica il taglio selettivo degli alberi. Ciò significa che la funzionalità complessiva di queste foreste è conservata nonostante un moderato disturbo antropico.

Secondo il ricercatore questa ricerca potrebbe portare ad un ripensamento del modo in cui vengono trattate le foreste, spostando l’approccio classico alla conservazione inalterata di grandi aree forestali, come l’Amazzonia o i bacini del Congo, a tante piccole foreste gestite dagli esseri umani, ma in modo sostenibile.

E’ stato dimostrato che le funzioni dell’ecosistema, anche se generalmente stabili, sono influenzate in misura diversa dalla frammentazione delle foreste e dal taglio selettivo degli alberi singoli. Quando si sviluppano grandi aree forestali in frammenti di bosco isolato, gli effetti sulle funzioni degli ecosistemi sono particolarmente evidenti nei casi in cui la composizione della comunità animale cambia in modo sostanziale. L’impatto principale del taglio selettivo si ha sulle funzioni degli ecosistemi in cui le specie animali hanno un certo peso. Gli scienziati hanno così notato effetti positivi sull’impollinazione da parte degli insetti, la dispersione dei semi dagli uccelli ed anche le incursioni dell’esercito di formiche, tutte attività che ci si aspetterebbe in una grande foresta, e che invece avvengono quasi in un modo identico anche in quelle piccole. Lo studio è stato pubblicato su PLoS One.

[Fonte: Sciencedaily]

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56 commenti su “Foreste: difficile mantenere intatte quelle grandi? Meglio farne milioni ma piccole”

  1. Si possono piantare milioni alberi anche “fuori foresta”, ad esempio si potrebbero piantumare: bordi stradali, relitti stradali e ferroviari, ripe di fiumi e di canali di scolo, aree degradate, discariche, vialoni di zone industriali, si potrebbero inoltre rimboschire tutte le aree demaniali marittime con un duplice risultato: riforestare e mascherare i tanti obrobri edilizi perpetrati sulla costa…

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