Effetto serra e acidificazione degli oceani faranno estinguere l’uomo

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La prima sintesi completa sugli effetti del cambiamento climatico sugli oceani del mondo, ha accertato che essi stanno cambiando ad una velocità che non si è mai vista per milioni di anni. In un articolo pubblicato sulla rivista Science, gli scienziati rivelano che la crescente concentrazione atmosferica di gas ad effetto serra provocata dall’uomo sta spingendo verso cambiamenti irreversibili e drammatici nell’oceano, con effetti potenzialmente disastrosi per centinaia di milioni di persone in tutto il Pianeta.

Le conclusioni del rapporto sono emerse da una sintesi di recenti ricerche sugli oceani, effettuata da due tra i principali scienziati marini del mondo, il professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg dell’Università di Queensland in Australia ed il dottor John F. Bruno della University of North Carolina a Chapel Hill, negli Stati Uniti.

Secondo gli autori, le conclusioni mostrano enormi implicazioni per l’umanità, in particolare se la tendenza dovesse continuare. Hoegh-Guldberg ha spiegato che gli oceani della Terra, che producono la metà dell’ossigeno che respiriamo ed assorbono il 30% di CO2 generata dagli umani, è equivalente alla funzione del cuore e dei polmoni.

Molto chiaramente, la Terra non può vivere senza il suo oceano. Questo studio, tuttavia, mostra preoccupanti segni di cattiva salute. E’ come se la Terra avesse fumato due pacchetti di sigarette al giorno! Stiamo entrando in un periodo in cui i servizi degli oceani da cui dipende l’umanità sono in forte cambiamento e in alcuni casi cominciano a mancare. Degradazioni ulteriori continueranno a creare enormi sfide e costi per le società in tutto il mondo.

Tra i rischi maggiori che corriamo, secondo lo scienziato australiano, c’è l’incapacità del Pianeta di sostenere le persone, facendoci rischiare addirittura l’estinzione. Il problema fondamentale è che se cambia la vita marina a seguito del riscaldamento rapido e dell’acidificazione degli oceani, si espanderanno le zone morte nelle profondità dell’oceano, con conseguenze sull’uomo. Come ciò può accadere?

  1. Le barriere coralline diventano meno abbondanti;
  2. Diminuiscono le erbe marine e le mangrovie (vivai ittici);
  3. Diminuiscono i pesci più piccoli a causa delle malattie, con conseguenze su tutta la catena alimentare;
  4. Avvengono cambiamenti nella distribuzione della vita marina, con maggiore frequenza di parassiti e organismi marini.

Il dottor Bruno aggiunge a quest’analisi già di per sé catastrofica che le emissioni di gas serra stanno modificando molti aspetti fisici e geochimici degli oceani del Pianeta.

Stiamo diventando sempre più certi che gli ecosistemi marini del mondo si stanno avvicinando ai punti critici. Questi sono punti in cui il cambiamento accelera e provoca impatti su altri sistemi indipendenti, i cui risultati non abbiamo alcun modo di prevedere. Queste sfide sottolineano l’urgenza con cui i leader mondiali devono agire per limitare l’ulteriore crescita dei gas serra e quindi ridurre il rischio che questi eventi si verifichino. Ignorare la scienza non è possibile.

[Fonte: Sciencedaily]

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