Congresso di Cancun: trovato l’accordo all’ultimo minuto

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Ce l’abbiamo fatta. Ieri sera (le prime ore dell’alba in Italia), l’accordo per combattere i cambiamenti climatici è stato trovato al congresso di Cancun. Non siamo ancora al famoso “accordo perfetto“, e resta ancora da fare molto per uscire da questa situazione pericolosa, ma già il fatto di aver elaborato un testo che ha messo d’accordo tutti gli Stati, in cui ognuno ha promesso di fare la sua parte, si può definire un’impresa straordinaria.

L’accordo consiste essenzialmente in 3 parti. La prima, l’unica che dà numeri, per quanto imprecisi, è anche la più scottante: l’impegno a ridurre le emissioni. Il limite è stato stabilito nel 25-40%, rispetto ai livello del 1990, entro il 2020. Un traguardo storico visto che già il 20% dell’Unione Europea sembrava tanto, e si tratta di oltre il triplo rispetto a quanto promesso dagli Stati Uniti due anni fa.

Gli altri due punti, altrettanto importanti, sono il mettere in pratica le promesse fatte negli anni scorsi, prima fra tutte il Protocollo di Kyoto, da parte di quelle nazioni che ancora non hanno raggiunto i propri obiettivi; ed infine è stato trovato l’accordo per un passaggio più rapido e senza troppi ostacoli della tecnologia verde, cioè quelle scoperte del campo delle rinnovabili tanto diffuse in Occidente quanto sconosciute nei Paesi in via di sviluppo. Un passaggio di queste conoscenze più rapido e ad un costo inferiore a quello di mercato potrebbe far progredire velocemente la tecnologia stessa ed i nuovi Paesi che la ospiteranno.

Per fare in modo che ciò avvenga è stato stabilito un fondo da 100 miliardi di dollari l’anno che, oltre a questo obiettivo, comprenda anche la tutela delle foreste tropicali. Confermato anche il pacchetto di aiuti ai Paesi poveri per far fronte ai cambiamenti climatici di 30 miliardi di dollari, 410 milioni dei quali verranno versati dall’Italia.

Per poter raggiungere questi obiettivi, l’idea è di non costringere nessuno, imponendogli un limite preciso. Questo semmai avverrà dopo, nel prossimo COP17 in Sudafrica, ma nel frattempo ogni Stato sarà tenuto a stabilire autonomamente un limite alle emissioni che dovrà essere almeno del 25% e non superiore al 40%. Il passo in avanti più importante l’ha fatto la Cina, accordando una maggiore trasparenza sui controlli delle emissioni di gas serra. In questo modo non solo ha ottenuto che un altro grande Paese inquinante come l’India aderisse all’accordo, ma anche che gli Stati Uniti, di solito recalcitranti a stabilire regole di emissione, accettassero di fare la loro parte, promettendo di rientrare in questo range 25-40%, anche se non hanno voluto dire di quanto. In pratica il protocollo di Kyoto è stato prolungato, anche se d’ora in avanti non si chiamerà più così.

Unica nota stonata di questa serata che, dopo il fallimento di Copenaghen, si può definire trionfale, proviene dal capo negoziatore boliviano, Pablo Solon, non contento di questa scelta in quanto, per poter diventare tra un anno praticabile, richiede la firma di tutti i 194 Paesi aderenti. Secondo lui questa firma non verrà mai posta da tutti, con il rischio che se anche uno o due Paesi non firmassero (proprio come accadde a Kyoto), l’accordo salti per tutti. Un rischio che si può correre, ma che verrà rimandato a Durban 2011.

[Fonti: Repubblica; Corriere della Sera]

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66 commenti su “Congresso di Cancun: trovato l’accordo all’ultimo minuto”

  1. Ringrazio la redazione de Ecologiae per le puntuali info.
    Auspico che oltre ai big venga dato spazio anche ai micro, alle PMI e alle famiglie, come coinvolgimento positivo e non solo sanzionatorio.
    Le famiglie poi non rappresentano solo biocapitalismo ovvero manodopera gratuita per il benessere di un paese, ma sono da sempre gli attori dei nuovi profili sociali sostenibili.
    Hanno fatto per molto tempo le cavie di un modus operandi iperproduttivo deleterio, lesivo ed energivoro.
    Finalmente ora si dimostra che la famiglia rappresenta la cellula sociale sana, solidale e attiva per eccellenza.
    Maurizio Gandin

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  2. Pingback: Congresso di Cancun: le conseguenze dell’accordo | Ecologiae
  3. Pingback: Congresso di Durban, si comincia male: “accordo impossibile” secondo l’Ue | Ecologiae.com

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