Rete Natura 2000, il 18% della superficie degli Stati UE è area protetta

L’area appartenente alla Rete Natura 2000, ovvero quelle aree naturali protette a livello comunitario, si è ulteriormente espansa ed è arrivata ad occupare il  18% del territorio dell’Unione europea ed a includere ben oltre 130mila chilometri quadrati di mari.

La rete europea, istituita dalla direttiva 1992/43/CEE detta anche direttiva habitat e, prima di quella, dalla  direttiva uccelli del 1979 col fine di conservare gli habitat naturali della fauna e della flora selvatiche come stabilito dagli obiettivi della Convenzione sulla Diversità Biologica adottata durante la conferenza di Rio del 1992, si espande di anno in anno ed ha assunto dimensioni considerevoli.

Tale copertura di aree protette (siti di importanza comunitaria  SIC,  zone a protesione speciale ZPS e parchi) tende a ricucire gli strappi del territorio europeo, le cesure nella continuità dei suoi ecosistemi che hanno subito troppe frammentazioni degli ambienti naturali a favore dell’urbanizzazione, dell’attività industriale, dell’agricoltura intensiva e delle infrastrutture.

Tra le ultime annessioni alla rete vi sono 739 nuovi siti che si aggiungono ai 26mila già esistenti, si concentrano prevalentemente in Francia, Danimarca e Spagna. L’Italia contribuisce ad espandere lo scrigno della biodiversità d’Europa con quattro gioielli naturali: Rupi di Rocca d’Algisio e Calanchi pliocenici dell’Appennino faentino (Emilia Romagna); Monte CoccovelloMonte CrivoMonte Crive e Lago del Rendina (Basilicata) che ospita il più grande serpente (non velenoso) d’Europa, l’Elaphe quatorlineata o ”cervone” ed i piccoli rospi chiamati le Bombine variegate dette anche ”ululoni dal ventre giallo”.

Anche sulla costa i chilometri di area marina protetta sono aumentati considerevolmente e da quest’anno contano anche ulteriori 17.500 chilometri quadrati di fasce costiere che vanno dall’estuario della Loira, sito d’elezione per la riproduzione dei salmoni atlantici, fino ad “El Cachuco” una zona del Mar della Cantabria,  nel Nord della Spagna, dove vivono le rarissima spugne giganti.

Afferma la sua soddisfazione il commissario Ue all’Ambiente, Janez Potocnik:

Quando proteggiamo la natura proteggiamo noi stessi. Natura 2000 è come un’assicurazione sulla vita, salvaguardando la natura e assicurando una relazione sostenibile con il mondo naturale dal quale dipendiamo.

[Fonti: www.ansa ambiente.it; www.regione.emilia-romagna.it]

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