OGM, insetticidi transgenici potrebbero contaminare corsi d’acqua

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La polemica sui campi di OGM coltivati in Friuli derivava in misura maggiore dalla preoccupazione per la contaminazione delle colture biologiche da parte delle piante transgeniche, tanto che il blitz di Greenpeace nel campo di Vivaro, in provincia di Pordenone, nel luglio scorso, comportò l’operazione d’isolamento della parte superiore della pianta di mais, per evitare che il polline si diffondesse.

E mentre gli esperti si interrogano sulla possibilità di una coesistenza tra colture biologiche e geneticamente modificate, un nuovo studio analizza un altro genere di contaminazione: quella dei canali agricoli. A realizzarla l’ecologista Jennifer Tank, dell’Università di Notre Dame, che ha accertato, insieme ai suoi colleghi, la presenza di materiali transgenici da sottoprodotti del mais, anche sei mesi dopo il raccolto nel Midwest.

Il mais transgenico è stato geneticamente modificato per auto-produrre insetticida, una endotossina delta dal batterio Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Le endotossine Bt scoraggiano i parassiti delle colture, come la piralide del mais.
In un documento del 2007 dei Proceedings of National Academy of Science (PNAS), la Tank ha dimostrato che i materiali provenienti da mais transgenico (polline, foglie, pannocchie), di fatto, entrano nei canali del Midwest agricolo e sono successivamente trasportati dai corsi d’acqua a valle. In un nuovo documento pubblicato su PNAS, Tank e colleghi hanno studiato il destino e la persistenza del materiale e della proteina Cry1Ab associata all’insetticida grazie ad uno studio sinottico di 217 corsi d’acqua nel nord-ovest dell’Indiana, a sei mesi dal raccolto delle colture.

Abbiamo scoperto che i sottoprodotti delle colture di mais erano comuni nei corsi d’acqua dei campi e che l’86 per cento dei siti contenevano foglie di granturco, pannocchie, bucce e/o steli nei loro canali. Inoltre, utilizzando un test di laboratorio che misura specificamente la quantità di proteine Cry1Ab, abbiamo rilevato Cry1Ab nel mais raccolto nel 13 per cento dei siti esaminati. Abbiamo anche rilevato Cry1Ab disciolto in campioni di acqua di ruscello nel 23 per cento dei siti, anche sei mesi dopo il raccolto delle colture.

Tank sottolinea che la maggioranza dei corsi d’acqua nella zona del Midwest si trova nelle immediate vicinanze dei campi di mais.

Le nostre analisi hanno verificato che il 91 per cento dei 200.000 chilometri di torrenti e fiumi in Indiana, Iowa e Illinois sono situati a 500 metri da un campo di grano, suggerendo che i sottoprodotti delle colture di mais e le proteine associate all’insetticida possono entrare nei corsi d’acqua.

Le ricerche precedenti hanno trascurato il potenziale dei sottoprodotti delle colture di mais transgenico che entrano e si disperdono nei canali d’irrigazione e poi nei fiumi.

Il nostro studio dimostra la persistenza e la dispersione dei sottoprodotti delle colture e dei relativi flussi di materiale transgenico dei campi di OGM.

Questa ricerca sottolinea che esiste un legame stretto tra i ruscelli e i campi agricoli adiacenti e che la dispersione dei sottoprodotti delle colture potrebbe influenzare gli ecosistemi naturali ben oltre i confini dei terreni coltivati.

[Fonte: J. L. Tank, E. J. Rosi-Marshall, T. V. Royer, M. R. Whiles, N. A. Griffiths, T. C. Frauendorf, D. J. Treering. Occurrence of maize detritus and a transgenic insecticidal protein (Cry1Ab) within the stream network of an agricultural landscape. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006925107]

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60 commenti su “OGM, insetticidi transgenici potrebbero contaminare corsi d’acqua”

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