Lo sviluppo della città tedesca di Friburgo è il più noto esempio di un quartiere, il Vauban, che con successo è riuscito a fare a meno delle auto. E’ un grande passo avanti che può essere irto di difficoltà e anche con una ricompensa enorme: la gente è più “amichevole”, le strade più vivibili. Sorprendentemente, ci sono decine di zone franche per le auto in tutto il mondo, ma solo poche città (stiamo parlando di comuni con più di 50.000 abitanti) che seriamente e costantemente perseguono le necessarie misure di pianificazione per abbandonare le auto, o almeno ridurne l’uso. Qui di seguito troviamo le migliori 5, ed un “bonus” finale.
1. Ginevra, Svizzera. Nei primi giorni del gennaio 2010, i membri del Consiglio della città di Ginevra hanno votato per chiudere 200 delle strade della città al traffico automobilistico. Questo è un passo enorme supportato da quasi tutti gli schieramenti politici.
2. Davis, California, USA: la città delle mountain bike. Davis è una grande città universitaria in stile Urbino, giusto per intenderci, e così il principale vantaggio riguarda la questione delle auto: sono quasi inesistenti. Le infrastrutture favoriscono le due ruote, e la città si appresta a costruire una strada principale da 1,7 milioni di biciclette, tanto da far soprannominare questa città “Bike City“. Ma non si circola solo in bicicletta. C’è anche un sistema discreto di autobus che garantisce il servizio anche a chi preferisce stare un po’ più comodo. Inoltre a Davis vige un blocco per le auto durante il periodo delle iscrizioni all’Università a causa della grande massa di persone che affluisce verso il campus.
3. Parigi, Francia. Secondo Worldstreets.org la Capitale francese ha tutto ciò che serve per essere una città senza auto, almeno per quanto riguarda la zona più interna. Il sito elenca tra le caratteristiche la progressiva eliminazione degli spazi di parcheggio, e gli elevati costi dei parcheggi rimasti all’interno della città. Inoltre c’è anche un livello elevato di famiglie senza auto (60% o più). Non poteva mancare il car-sharing e grandi piani per attuare il car sharing elettrico, ma manca ancora un sistema ottimale di bike-sharing.
4. Guadalajara, Messico. Con 1,6 milioni di abitanti è la seconda città più grande del Messico, ma è tra le prime al mondo come motorizzazione di auto, bus e camion. E allora dov’è l’ecologia? Sta nel fatto che in soli 2 anni ha attuato un ottimo BRT (sistema di bus per il trasporto rapido) chiamato Macrobús, ha migliorato le strade e ogni Domenica ci sono 15 chilometri di strade chiuse al traffico delle auto.
5. Malmö, Svezia. La città nel Sud della Svezia sta adottando misure che lentamente la porteranno ad essere una città senza auto. Alcuni progetti sono già in fase di attuazione per creare zone residenziali in cui non si avrà accesso con le automobili, e già oggi le piste ciclabili e le zone pedonali sono tra le più abbondanti d’Europa. L’obiettivo è superare i 400 chilometri di piste ciclabili per i 285.000 abitanti di questa città.
6. Ovunque, in Cina. Questa qui sopra non è un’immagine presa da Sim City, ma è una mappa 3D stilizzata per Guangzhou, in Cina, ma potrebbe essere una qualsiasi città cinese in rapido sviluppo. Come la cultura automobilistica ha invaso la città così in fretta, c’è ancora una possibilità di fargli cambiare direzione altrettanto facilmente, decidendo di chiudere le città alle auto. Secondo Carbusters, la regione Xiguan di Guangzhou ha un uso dell’automobile ancora molto basso (meno dell’1% dei viaggi). I vicoli pedonali predominano. Guangzhou, con 13 milioni di abitanti, ha un ottimo sistema di trasporti pubblici, ma potrebbe fare molto di più con le biciclette.
Fonte: [Treehugger]
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